NFT Ownership During The Apocalypse

All You Need Is Basic Math.

Introduction

I recently shared minting guidelines (Best Practices for Creating NFTs on Stellar) to help artists and issuers future-proofing NFT ownership by using decentralized storage for the art and by creating a circular reference to the asset on the blockchain (i.e. Stellar in our case) using a meta data file.

In this short article, we will take a doomsday scenario to illustrate the importance of following these guidelines.

Visualizing the Apocalypse

Imagine the world, 100 years after your purchase of the RC Evres 01 NFT by rcu7 (a.k.a. Seven Murillo) on Litemint. For some unexpected reasons, IPFS is down, Stellar is down, Litemint is down. The artist has now joined the pantheon of greatest and you want to prove to the world that, not only you are one of the artist’s first fan, but also the genuine owner of the original art.

? Your Survival Kit

Fortunately, since the artist adhered to the minting guidelines, all you need to verify ownership is some basic math. Here is how it is done:

⛏️ Art Fingerprint Recovery

At any time, anyone can calculate the unique fingerprints of the art and meta files for an NFT using the Content IDentifier (CID) specifications. A CID uses cryptographic hash primitives and can be calculated offline i.e. without the need for consensus from IPFS node or a network at all (here is a tool to do just that ipfs-only-hash). Admittedly, chunk size, codec and other settings must be known but portability can easily be provided by storing such information on the asset itself.

Check multiformats.io Github for source code (open source MIT license): https://github.com/multiformats

? Transaction Reconstruction

Fast forward 100 years, with Stellar being a major blockchain project (i.e. not a sidechain or Layer 2), a consensus is likely to be widely available on historical data. Even more so if, at some point, Stellar achieved its goal to become “the blockchain that people know and trust”.

At any time, anyone could then validate past transactions by running from the genesis ledger. One may need to process several terabytes of data offline, however we could also extrapolate that, by then, terabytes may not be a big deal.

?️ Uncovering the Key

The previous operations allow anyone to retrieve and match the CID with the asset (data entry) on the Stellar ledger to identify the NFT owner’s public key. You could now use the ed25519 signature scheme to prove that you have the secret key for the wallet holding the NFT. This also can be done offline.

Check stellar.org Github for the SDK source code (open source Apache 2 license): https://github.com/stellar/js-stellar-sdk

Conclusive Thoughts

Even when all these services go down, if an NFT is minted using best practices, one could produce an “irrefutable” proof of ownership.

I use irrefutable cautiously because it’s important to remember that cryptography is a science i.e. scientific theories are assumed true, until falsified and we could wake up to a world where the discrete logarithm problem is no more a problem in number theory— putting our current blockchain technology to obsolescence. But this discussion is for another article…

Enjoy and stay future-proof!

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Thanks for reading.